Dataset title:  PFAS, Coliform, and E. coli Data from Freshwater Canals, Brackish Water in Biscayne Bay, and Ocean Salt Water from Miami Beaches, Florida, USA, July 2023

Dataset ID:  doi:10.6073/pasta/a86251dc84b19ff9760c2faedab5f821
Dataset Creator

	Name:		Gary Yoham
	Position:	CE-BIORET
	Organization:	Florida International University
	Email:		gyoham@fiu.edu

	Name:		Natalia Soares Quinete
	Position:	Assistant Professor
	Organization:	Florida International University
	Email:		nsoaresq@fiu.edu

	Name:		Courtney Heath
	Position:	PhD Student, Environmental Chemistry
	Organization:	Florida International University
	Email:		cheat009@fiu.edu


Metadata Provider

	Organization:	Florida Coastal Everglades LTER
	
	Address:
			Florida International University
			11200 SW 8th Street, OE 148
			Miami, FL 33199  USA
	
	Phone:		305-348-6054
	Email:		fcelter@fiu.edu
	URL:		https://fcelter.fiu.edu


Dataset Abstract

	This package contains data on levels of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), Coliform, and E. coli from samples collected at 15 water sampling sites in and around Biscayne Bay, Florida on 2023-07-27 as part of the Coastal Ecosystem-Research Experience for Teachers (CE-BIORETS) program. The sites included waterways leading to Biscayne Bay (freshwater canals), Biscayne Bay directly (marine brackish water), and ocean water from Miami beaches (marine salt water). A total of 500 mL of surface water was collected (at approximately 30 cm depth) from each site. Samples were run through a Solid Phase Extraction process (SPE) and then dried using a Nitrogen Evaporator. Extracts were then analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the quantity of each of the different PFAS (ng/L) present in the sample. The same sites were selected for Coliform and E. coli colony forming units’ detection, and samples were collected at the same time as the PFAS samples. Samples were analyzed by pouring 100 mL of collected water into the wells on a ColiPlate. The 15 plates were incubated for 1 day at 37°C to determine if Coliforms and E. coli were detected. Data collection for this project is complete.


Geographic Coverage


	Bounding Coordinates

		Geographic description:	Study extent of 15 water sampling sites in and around Biscayne Bay, Florida
		West bounding coordinate:	-80.210417
		East bounding coordinate:	-80.118806
		North bounding coordinate:	25.930056
		South bounding coordinate:	25.771333
	



Temporal Coverage

	Start Date:  2023-07-27
	End Date:  2023-07-27


Data Table

	Entity Name:  FCE_1275_PFAS_E_coli_levels.csv
	Entity Description:  PFAS and Coliform and E. coli levels data for July 2023 in and around Biscayne Bay in South Florida.
	Object Name:  FCE_1275_PFAS_E_coli_levels.csv

	Data Format

		Number of Header Lines:  1
		Attribute Orientation:  column
		Field Delimiter:  ,
		Number of Records:  

	Attributes

		Attribute Name:  Sampling_Site
		Attribute Label:  
		Attribute Definition:  Name of each of the 15 sampling sites around Biscayne Bay and Miami Beach
		Storage Type:  string
		Measurement Scale: 
			text
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Latitude
		Attribute Label:  Latitude
		Attribute Definition:  Latitude of the sample taken in degrees
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:  degree
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Longitude
		Attribute Label:  Longitude
		Attribute Definition:  Longitude of the sample taken in degrees
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:  degree
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Water_Type
		Attribute Label:  Water Type
		Attribute Definition:  Water type is either Marine or Canal
		Storage Type:  string
		Measurement Scale: 
			text
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Date_Obtained
		Attribute Label:  Date Collection
		Attribute Definition:  This is the date the sample was collected in field
		Storage Type:  dateTime
		Measurement Scale: 
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Date_of_Run
		Attribute Label:  Date of Run
		Attribute Definition:  This is the date the sample was run on the LC-MS/MS
		Storage Type:  dateTime
		Measurement Scale: 
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFBA
		Attribute Label:  PFBA (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFPeA
		Attribute Label:  PFPeA (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFBS
		Attribute Label:  PFBS (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFHxA
		Attribute Label:  PFHxA (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  4_2FTS
		Attribute Label:  4-2FTS (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: -9999  (below method detection limit)


		Attribute Name:  PFPeS
		Attribute Label:  PFPeS (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid (PFPeS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFHpA
		Attribute Label:  PFHpA (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFHxS
		Attribute Label:  PFHxS (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFOA
		Attribute Label:  PFOA (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  6_2FTS
		Attribute Label:  6-2FTS (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: -9999  (Below method detection limit)


		Attribute Name:  PFOS
		Attribute Label:  PFOS (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  PFNA
		Attribute Label:  PFNA (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Sum_PFAS
		Attribute Label:  Sum PFAS (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  This is the sum of all PFAS listed above at each of the 16 sampling sites.
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Long_Chain
		Attribute Label:  Sum Long Chain (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Sum of all Long Chain PFAS (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids ≥7 Carbons or perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids ≥ 6 carbons) found in samples such as PFOA, 6-2FTS, PFOS, and PFNA
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Short_Chain
		Attribute Label:  Sum Short Chain (ng/L)
		Attribute Definition:  Sum of all Short Chain (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids <7 Carbons or perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids < 6 carbons) PFAS found in samples such as PFBA, PFPeA, PFBS, PFHxA, 4-2FTS, PFPeS, PFHpA, and PFHxS
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		nanogramPerLiter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  Total_Coliforms
		Attribute Label:  Total Coliforms (cfu/100mL)
		Attribute Definition:  Total Coliform forming-units per 100 milliliter detected in sample.
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		ColonyFormingUnitPer100Milliliter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: -9999  (sample was missing or not detected)


		Attribute Name:  E_coli
		Attribute Label:  E. coli (cfu/100mL)
		Attribute Definition:  Total E. coli forming-units per 100 milliliter detected in sample
		Storage Type:  float
		Measurement Scale: 
			Units:		ColonyFormingUnitPer100Milliliter
			Number Type:  real
		Missing Value Code: -9999  (sample was missing or not detected)


		Attribute Name:  4_2FTS_flag
		Attribute Label:  4_2FTS_flag
		Attribute Definition:  Flag for 4_2FTS values
		Storage Type:  string
		Measurement Scale: 
			<MDL= Value below minimum detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
			VALID= Sample value is above the detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
		Missing Value Code: 


		Attribute Name:  6_2FTS_flag
		Attribute Label:  6_2FTS_flag
		Attribute Definition:  Flag for 6_2FTS values
		Storage Type:  string
		Measurement Scale: 
			<MDL= Value below minimum detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
			VALID= Sample value is above the detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
		Missing Value Code: 




Methods



	Method Step 

		Description 

			We selected 15 sites that included waterways leading to Biscayne Bay (freshwater canals), Biscayne Bay directly (marine brackish water), and ocean water (marine salt water). A total of 500 mL of surface water was collected (at approximately 30 cm depth) in clean polypropylene bottles from each site. Samples were first run through a Solid Phase Extraction process (SPE) using Strata XL-AW 100 μm polymeric weak anion cartridges (500 mg / 6 mL). For the SPE process, cartridges are first conditioned with 6 mL of 1% ammonium hydroxide in methanol, 6 mL of methanol and equilibrated with 6 mL of water. Then samples are loaded onto the cartridge for concentration of the compounds of interest. Lastly, PFAS were eluted from the cartridges with basic methanol (0.3% ammonium hydroxide in methanol), and then dried using a Nitrogen Evaporator. Dried samples were reconstituted to a final volume of 0.5 mL. Extracts were then analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the quantity of each of the different PFAS (ng/L) present in the sample. LC-MS/MS data was processed by the Agilent Software Masshunter. The same sites were selected for Coliform and E. coli colony forming units’ detection, and samples were collected at the same time as the PFAS samples but using autoclaved 500 mL glass bottles. Samples were analyzed by pouring 100 mL of collected water into the wells on a ColiPlate. The 15 plates were incubated for 1 day at 37°C. If wells on the plates turned from yellowish to blue/green color after the incubation period, this represented a positive indication for Coliforms. If the blue/green well showed fluorescence also, that well was positive for E. coli. The most probable number (MPN) table of colony forming-units per 100 mL was used to determine the number of colonies present in each sample.


Distribution

	Online distribution:  https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-fce/1275/3/9a2a07dea9125e25528ca4c1e79af89d


Intellectual Rights

	This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.


Dataset Keywords

	Biscayne Bay
	Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
	PFAS
	FCE LTER
	LTER
	Florida Coastal Everglades LTER
	human disturbance
	bacteria
	water quality
	disturbance

Maintenance

	knb-lter-fce.1275.3: Data collection for this project is complete.


Dataset Contact

	Name:		Gary Yoham
	Position:	CE-BIORET
	Organization:	Florida International University
	Email:		gyoham@fiu.edu
	Name:		Natalia Soares Quinete
	Position:	Assistant Professor
	Organization:	Florida International University
	Email:		nsoaresq@fiu.edu
	Position:	Information Manager
	Organization:	Florida Coastal Everglades LTER
	
	Address:
			Florida International University
			11200 SW 8th Street, OE 148
			Miami, FL 33199  USA
	
	Email:		fcelter@fiu.edu
	URL:		https://fcelter.fiu.edu