Dataset title: Groundwater and surface water phosphorus concentrations, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida for June, July, August and November 2003 Dataset ID: PHY_Price_001 Research type: Short-Term Physical Dataset Creator Name: Dr Rene Price Position: Principal Investigator Organization: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program Address: 11200 SW 8th St. SERC OE-148 Miami, FL 33199 USA Phone: 305-348-3119 Fax: 305-348-3877 Email: pricer@fiu.edu URL: www.fiu.edu/~pricer Metadata Provider Organization: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program Address: Florida International University University Park OE 148 Miami, FL 33199 USA Phone: 305-348-6054 Email: fcelter@fiu.edu URL: http://fcelter.fiu.edu Dataset Abstract Seawater intrusion into a coastal aquifer mixes with the discharging fresh water to form a zone of mixed composition. This mixing zone is considered to be geochemical important in a carbonate aquifer as an area of enhanced carbonate mineral dissolution and,or precipitation. Ion exchange reactions are also common within the mixing zone as the dominant cation in seawater, sodium, replaces other ions adsorbed to the aquifer matrix. Phosphorus has a strong affinity for adsorption to calcium carbonate minerals. Both the dissolution of calcium carbonate minerals as well as ion exchange reactions have the potential to release phosphorus from the aquifer matrix to the groundwater. Discharge of this phosphorus-laden groundwater, as induced by the fresh/saline water interface, may then be an additional source of phosphorus to the overlying coastal environments. Both surface water and groundwater were collected across the seawater intrusion zone of the coastal Everglades in south Florida during the summer of 2003. Hydrogen sulfide was released from the groundwater wells during sampling, indicating the groundwater was most likely anoxic. In order to reduce the potential exposure of the groundwater to oxygen during sampling, groundwater samples were collected in the following manner. Groundwater wells were first purged of at least three well volumes prior to sampling. Water samples were then collected using a submersible pump with a 16-gauge needle fitted at the end of the discharge hose. The needle was pushed through a rubber stopper covering an acid-washed vacutainer that was first flushed with nitrogen gas to remove and oxygen, then evacuated with a vacuum pump to establish a negative pressure within the vacutainer. Water samples were stored on ice and transported to the laboratory. Samples were processed for total phosphorus using colorimetery following dry-oxidation/acid hydroloysis methods within 1 to 5 days following sample collection. Salinity of the groundwater and surface water was determined at the time of sampling using an Orion S-C-T meter. Total phosphorus concentrations in 11 groundwater wells ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 uM (16 to 73.6 ug/L-P). Concentrations of total phosphorus in the overlying surface water were consistently lower and ranged from 0.16 to 0.45 uM (5.1 to 14.4 ug/L-P). There was a strong positive correlation between total phosphorus concentrations in the groundwater with salinity (R2=0.6). The results of this investigation indicate enhanced phosphorus concentrations within mixing zone groundwaters underlying the southern Everglades. These concentrations exceed the expected values predicted by conservative mixing of local fresh groundwater and intruding seawater, which both have TP less than 1 uM. Geographic Coverage Study Extent Description The Study Extent of this dataset includes the FCE Shark River Slough research sites within Everglades National Park, South Florida Bounding Coordinates Geographic description: Data were collected in the Shark River Slough, within Everglades National Park, South Florida West bounding coordinate: -81.164 East bounding coordinate: -80.648 North bounding coordinate: 25.761 South bounding coordinate: 25.201 Geographic description: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Study Area: South Florida, Everglades National Park, and Florida Bay West bounding coordinate: -81.078 East bounding coordinate: -80.490 North bounding coordinate: 25.761 South bounding coordinate: 24.913 All Sites Geographic Description:CANEPATCH GW Longitude:-80.94 Latitude:25.42 Geographic Description:CANEPATCH SW Longitude:-80.94 Latitude:25.42 Geographic Description:CH1 GW Longitude:-81.16 Latitude:25.73 Geographic Description:CH1 SW Longitude:-81.16 Latitude:25.73 Geographic Description:E-130 DEEP Longitude:-80.65 Latitude:25.33 Geographic Description:E-130 SHALLOW Longitude:-80.65 Latitude:25.33 Geographic Description:E-130 SW Longitude:-80.65 Latitude:25.33 Geographic Description:E-146 DEEP Longitude:-80.67 Latitude:25.25 Geographic Description:E-146 SHALLOW Longitude:-80.67 Latitude:25.25 Geographic Description:E-146 SW Longitude:-80.67 Latitude:25.25 Geographic Description:E-146-27 GW Longitude:-80.67 Latitude:25.25 Geographic Description:G-3302A Longitude:-80.70 Latitude:25.76 Geographic Description:LO1 GW Longitude:-81.03 Latitude:25.61 Geographic Description:LO1 SW Longitude:-81.03 Latitude:25.61 Geographic Description:RB-1 GW Longitude:-80.88 Latitude:25.46 Geographic Description:RB-1 SW Longitude:-80.88 Latitude:25.46 Geographic Description:SH-1 GW Longitude:-80.86 Latitude:25.49 Geographic Description:SH-1 SW Longitude:-80.86 Latitude:25.49 Geographic Description:TARPON BAY GW Longitude:-81.01 Latitude:25.39 Geographic Description:TARPON BAY SW Longitude:-81.01 Latitude:25.39 Geographic Description:UPPER TAYLOR RIVER Longitude:-80.65 Latitude:25.21 Geographic Description:UTR DEEP GW Longitude:-80.65 Latitude:25.21 Geographic Description:UTR SHALLOW GW Longitude:-80.65 Latitude:25.21 Temporal Coverage Start Date: 2003-06-20 End Date: 2003-11-25 Data Table Entity Name: PHY_Price_001 Entity Description: Groundwater and surface water phosphorus concentrations, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida Object Name: PHY_Price_001 Data Format Number of Header Lines: 1 Attribute Orientation: column Field Delimiter: , Number of Records: Attributes Attribute Name: SITENAME Attribute Label: sitename Attribute Definition: Name of LTER site Storage Type: text Measurement Scale: Name of LTER site Missing Value Code: Attribute Name: Date Attribute Label: date Attribute Definition: Collection date Storage Type: datetime Measurement Scale: Missing Value Code: Attribute Name: Water_Type Attribute Label: type Attribute Definition: Water Type Storage Type: text Measurement Scale: Water Type Missing Value Code: Attribute Name: Sampling_Depth Attribute Label: depth Attribute Definition: Sampling Depth Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units meter Precision:0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Temperature Attribute Label: temperature Attribute Definition: Water Temperature Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: celsius Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: pH Attribute Label: pH Attribute Definition: Water pH Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.01 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Salinity Attribute Label: salinity Attribute Definition: Water Salinity Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: PSU Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: TP Attribute Label: total phosphorus Attribute Definition: total phosphorus Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: microMolesPerLiter Precision: 0.01 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded ) Methods Sampling Description Prior to sampling, all wells were purged of at least three well volumes. Surface water was collected either adjacent to the groundwater wells or from the canals. To reduce the exposure of anoxic groundwater to oxygen during sampling, groundwater samples were collected directly into acid-washed, evacuated blood collection tubes that were first flushed with nitrogen gas. Samples were processed for TP using colorimetery following dry-oxidation/acid hydrolysis methods (Solorzano & Sharp, 1980) within 1 to 5 days of sample collection. The pH, specific conductance and/or salinity, and temperature were recorded at the time of sample collection using an Orion pH, and S/C/T meter, respectively. Method Step Description Prior to sampling, all wells were purged of at least three well volumes. Surface water was collected either adjacent to the groundwater wells or from the canals. To reduce the exposure of anoxic groundwater to oxygen during sampling, groundwater samples were collected directly into acid-washed, evacuated blood collection tubes that were first flushed with nitrogen gas. Samples were processed for TP using colorimetery following dry-oxidation/acid hydrolysis methods (Solorzano & Sharp, 1980) within 1 to 5 days of sample collection. The pH, specific conductance and/or salinity, and temperature were recorded at the time of sample collection using an Orion pH, and S/C/T meter, respectively. Citation Solarzano, L. , J. H. Sharp. 1905-06-02. Determination of total dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in natural waters.. Limnology and Oceanography, 25: 754-758. Instrumentation Shimadzu UV/Vis Scanning Spectrophotometer Orion model S/C/T meter Quality Control Data QA/QC involves running a standard curve and checking for linearity, then running the samples in duplicate. Distribution Online distribution: http://fcelter.fiu.edu/perl/public_data_download.pl?datasetid=PHY_Price_001.txt Intellectual Rights These data are classified as 'Type I' whereby original FCE LTER experimental data collected by individual FCE researchers are available for scientific purposes 2 years after collection. Maximum lock period = 2 years. All publications based on this dataset must cite the data Contributor, the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program and that this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DBI-0620409, and #DEB-9910514. Additionally, two copies of the manuscript must be submitted to the Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program Office, LTER Program Manager, Florida International University, Southeast Environmental Research Center, OE 148, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199. For a complete description of the FCE LTER Data Distribution and Data User Agreement, please go to FCE Data Management Policy at http://fcelter.fiu.edu/data/DataMgmt.pdf and LTER Network Data Access Policy at http://fcelter.fiu.edu/data/core/data_user_agreement/distribution_policy.html. Dataset Keywords FCE Florida Coastal Everglades LTER ecological research long-term monitoring water groundwater phosphorus salinity pH total phosphorus processes temperature specific conductivity surface water hydrology Shark River Slough Data Submission Date: 2006-01-02 Maintenance This is a short-term physical ground and surface water chemical/physical dataset. This dataset replaces all previous versions of PHY_Price_001 original. The FCE program is discontinuing its practice of versioning data as of March 2013. Dataset Contact Position: Information Manager Organization: LTER Network Office Address: UNM Biology Department, MSC03-2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA Phone: 505 277-2535 Fax: 505 277-2541 Email: tech-support@lternet.edu URL: http://www.lternet.edu Position: Information Manager Organization: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program Address: Florida International University University Park OE 148 Miami, FL 33199 USA Phone: 305-348-6054 Fax: 305-348-4096 Email: fcelter@fiu.edu URL: http://fcelter.fiu.edu Dataset Submission Date 2006-01-02 Data Submission Notes Sampling depth refers to well depth, there was no attempt to determine the sampling depth of the surface water Information Management Notes This is a short-term physical ground and surface water chemical/physical dataset. This dataset replaces all previous versions of PHY_Price_001 original. The FCE program is discontinuing its practice of versioning data as of March 2013.