Dataset title: Microbial Sampling from Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, South Florida, USA (FCE LTER), January 2001 - ongoing Dataset ID: LT_ND_Dailey_001 Research type: Long-Term Dataset Creator Name: Dr. Henry Briceno Address: 11200 SW 8th Street Florida International University University Park OE 148 Miami, FL 33199 USA Phone: 305-348-1269 Fax: 305-348-4096 Email: bricenoh@fiu.edu URL: http://sercweb.fiu.edu/ Metadata Provider Organization: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program Address: Florida International University University Park OE 148 Miami, FL 33199 USA Phone: 305-348-6054 Email: fcelter@fiu.edu URL: http://fcelter.fiu.edu Dataset Abstract We collected monthly observations of water microbial characteristics from each of the FCE LTER sites beginning in February 2001. Bacteria counts using DAPI epifluorescence, heterotrophic bacteria production with tritiated Thymidine uptake, and algal energetics and chl a using the PAM fluorometer were determined from each of the water samples. Bacteria counts in Shark River Slough in the freshwater end of the transect revealed highest bacteria numbers upon marsh rewetting after the dry down. The highest overall count of bacteria was found at the most freshwater point adjacent to the perimeter of the water conservation area but only in March of 2001. Peak numbers of bacteria in the saline end of Shark River transect occurred in December and July. There is some evidence that these higher bacteria numbers in the SR transect are associated with higher salinities. Highest bacteria counts along the Taylor slough transect were observed at the mouth of the Taylor River with peak counts in the wet season in October. Bacteria densities also increased from the eastern to western end of the transect in Florida Bay. Heterotrophic bacterial production did not relate closely bacteria numbers and exhibited highest numbers in the dry season. There was no discernible relationship between salinity and bacteria production as seen in bacteria numbers. Monthly observations using PAM fluorometry revealed that brown algae was the greatest contribution to the algal chal a pool and this relationship was consistent across all FCE LTER sites. Converse to the pattern of bacteria abundance along the Shark River transect, there was evidence that algal biomass decreases from freshwater to estuary. In the Shark River, algal energetics increased from marsh to estuary as well as in the panhandle region of the Taylor River transect. From these observations we conclude the behavior of the microbial loop and interactions generated between functional guilds is highly variable along individual transects and between the Shark River and Taylor River transect. Wet dry season dynamics partially explain temporal variability in microbial dynamics along the individual transects yet responses were unique for each section of the transect as freshwater versus estuarine versus Bay. Relationships between salinity and microbial parameters in this case, were not easily discerned but were more consistent within the two river transects than between river transects. As of 2020-06-05, PAM is no longer considered accurate and pigment data are no longer reported. Geographic Coverage Study Extent Description The Study Extent of this dataset includes the FCE Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough research sites within Everglades National Park, South Florida Bounding Coordinates Geographic description: FCE LTER Site SRS1a West bounding coordinate: -80.727 East bounding coordinate: -80.727 North bounding coordinate: 25.761 South bounding coordinate: 25.761 Geographic description: FCE LTER Site SRS2 West bounding coordinate: -80.785 East bounding coordinate: -80.785 North bounding coordinate: 25.550 South bounding coordinate: 25.550 Geographic description: FCE LTER Site SRS3 West bounding coordinate: -80.853 East bounding coordinate: -80.853 North bounding coordinate: 25.468 South bounding coordinate: 25.468 Geographic description: FCE LTER Site SRS4 West bounding coordinate: -80.964 East bounding coordinate: -80.964 North bounding coordinate: 25.410 South bounding coordinate: 25.410 Geographic description: FCE LTER Site SRS5 West bounding coordinate: -81.032 East bounding coordinate: -81.032 North bounding coordinate: 25.377 South bounding coordinate: 25.377 Geographic description: FCE LTER Site SRS6 West bounding coordinate: -81.078 East bounding coordinate: -81.078 North bounding coordinate: 25.365 South bounding coordinate: 25.365 Geographic description: TS/Ph1b West bounding coordinate: -80.590 East bounding coordinate: -80.590 North bounding coordinate: 25.439 South bounding coordinate: 25.439 Geographic description: TS/Ph2 West bounding coordinate: -80.607 East bounding coordinate: -80.607 North bounding coordinate: 25.404 South bounding coordinate: 25.404 Geographic description: TS/Ph3 West bounding coordinate: -80.663 East bounding coordinate: -80.663 North bounding coordinate: 25.252 South bounding coordinate: 25.252 Geographic description: TS/Ph4 West bounding coordinate: -80.522 East bounding coordinate: -80.522 North bounding coordinate: 25.315 South bounding coordinate: 25.315 Geographic description: TS/Ph5 West bounding coordinate: -80.520 East bounding coordinate: -80.520 North bounding coordinate: 25.295 South bounding coordinate: 25.295 Geographic description: TS/Ph6a West bounding coordinate: -80.649 East bounding coordinate: -80.649 North bounding coordinate: 25.214 South bounding coordinate: 25.214 Geographic description: TS/Ph7a West bounding coordinate: -80.639 East bounding coordinate: -80.639 North bounding coordinate: 25.191 South bounding coordinate: 25.191 Geographic description: TS/Ph8 West bounding coordinate: -80.525 East bounding coordinate: -80.525 North bounding coordinate: 25.233 South bounding coordinate: 25.233 Geographic description: TS/Ph9 West bounding coordinate: -80.490 East bounding coordinate: -80.490 North bounding coordinate: 25.177 South bounding coordinate: 25.177 Geographic description: TS/Ph10 West bounding coordinate: -80.681 East bounding coordinate: -80.681 North bounding coordinate: 25.025 South bounding coordinate: 25.025 Geographic description: TS/Ph11 West bounding coordinate: -80.938 East bounding coordinate: -80.938 North bounding coordinate: 24.913 South bounding coordinate: 24.913 Geographic description: SRS1b West bounding coordinate: -80.726 East bounding coordinate: -80.726 North bounding coordinate: 25.758 South bounding coordinate: 25.758 Geographic description: SRS1c West bounding coordinate: -80.574 East bounding coordinate: -80.574 North bounding coordinate: 25.755 South bounding coordinate: 25.755 Geographic description: SRS1d West bounding coordinate: -80.654 East bounding coordinate: -80.654 North bounding coordinate: 25.746 South bounding coordinate: 25.746 Geographic description: TS/Ph1a West bounding coordinate: -80.590 East bounding coordinate: -80.590 North bounding coordinate: 25.424 South bounding coordinate: 25.424 FCE LTER Sites: SRS1a,SRS1b, SRS1c, SRS1d, SRS2, SRS3, SRS4, SRS5, SRS6, TS/Ph1b,TS/Ph1a,TS/Ph2,TS/Ph3, TS/Ph4, TS/Ph5, TS/Ph6a, TS/Ph7a, TS/Ph8, TS/Ph9, TS/Ph10, TS/Ph11 All Sites Geographic Description:FCE LTER Site SRS1a Longitude:-80.727 Latitude:25.761 Geographic Description:FCE LTER Site SRS2 Longitude:-80.785 Latitude:25.550 Geographic Description:FCE LTER Site SRS3 Longitude:-80.853 Latitude:25.468 Geographic Description:FCE LTER Site SRS4 Longitude:-80.964 Latitude:25.410 Geographic Description:FCE LTER Site SRS5 Longitude:-81.032 Latitude:25.377 Geographic Description:FCE LTER Site SRS6 Longitude:-81.078 Latitude:25.365 Geographic Description:TS/Ph1b Longitude:-80.590 Latitude:25.439 Geographic Description:TS/Ph2 Longitude:-80.607 Latitude:25.404 Geographic Description:TS/Ph3 Longitude:-80.663 Latitude:25.252 Geographic Description:TS/Ph4 Longitude:-80.522 Latitude:25.315 Geographic Description:TS/Ph5 Longitude:-80.520 Latitude:25.295 Geographic Description:TS/Ph6a Longitude:-80.649 Latitude:25.214 Geographic Description:TS/Ph7a Longitude:-80.639 Latitude:25.191 Geographic Description:TS/Ph8 Longitude:-80.525 Latitude:25.233 Geographic Description:TS/Ph9 Longitude:-80.490 Latitude:25.177 Geographic Description:TS/Ph10 Longitude:-80.681 Latitude:25.025 Geographic Description:TS/Ph11 Longitude:-80.938 Latitude:24.913 Geographic Description:SRS1b Longitude:-80.726 Latitude:25.758 Geographic Description:SRS1c Longitude:-80.574 Latitude:25.755 Geographic Description:SRS1d Longitude:-80.654 Latitude:25.746 Geographic Description:TS/Ph1a Longitude:-80.590 Latitude:25.424 Temporal Coverage Start Date: 2001-01-01 End Date: 2021-12-08 Data Table Entity Name: LT_ND_Dailey_001.csv Entity Description: Microbial Sampling from Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, South Florida Object Name: LT_ND_Dailey_001.csv Data Format Number of Header Lines: 1 Attribute Orientation: column Field Delimiter: , Number of Records: Attributes Attribute Name: SITENAME Attribute Label: sitename Attribute Definition: Name of LTER site Storage Type: text Measurement Scale: Name of LTER site Missing Value Code: Attribute Name: SURV Attribute Label: ID Number Attribute Definition: Survey ID Number Storage Type: ordinal Measurement Scale: Survey ID Number Missing Value Code: Attribute Name: Date Attribute Label: date Attribute Definition: Sample Collection Date Storage Type: datetime Measurement Scale: Missing Value Code: Attribute Name: BacteriaProductionHourlyRate Attribute Label: rate Attribute Definition: Bacteria Hourly Production Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: microgramsPerLiterPerHour Precision: 0.0001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: BacteriaProductionDailyRate Attribute Label: rate Attribute Definition: Bacteria Daily Production Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: microgramsPerLiterPerDay Precision: 0.0001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: BacteriaAbundance Attribute Label: abundance Attribute Definition: Bacteria Abundance Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: numberPerMilliliter Precision: 1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Chl_a_Blue Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Chl a Blue Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: microgramsPerLiter Precision: 0.01 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Chl_a_Green Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Chl a Green Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: microgramsPerLiter Precision: 0.01 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Chl_a_Brown Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Chl a Brown Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: microgramsPerLiter Precision: 0.01 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Sum_Chl_a_PAM Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Sum Chl a PAM Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: microgramsPerLiter Precision: 0.01 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: QuantumYield_SUM Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Quantum Yield SUM Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.01 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch1Alpha Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 1 Alpha Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch2Alpha Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 2 Alpha Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch3Alpha Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 3 Alpha Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch4Alpha Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 4 Alpha Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch1_ETRmax Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 1 Electron Transport Rate Max Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch2_ETRmax Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 2 Electron Transport Rate Max Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch3_ETRmax Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 3 Electron Transport Rate Max Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch4_ETRmax Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 4 Electron Transport Rate Max Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch1_Ik Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 1 Initial Slope Irradiance Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch2_Ik Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 2 Initial Slope Irradiance Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch3_Ik Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 3 Initial Slope Irradiance Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ch4_Ik Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Channel 4 Initial Slope Irradiance Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: AlphaBlue Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Algal Energetics Light Curve Slope Cyanobacteria Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: AlphaGreen Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Algal Energetics Light Curve Slope Brown Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: AlphaBrown Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Algal Energetics Light Curve Slope Green Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.001 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: ETRmax_Blue Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Electron Transport Rate Maximum Cyanobacteria Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: ETRmax_Green Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Electron Transport Rate Maximum Green Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: ETRmax_Brown Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Electron Transport Rate Maximum Brown Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ik_Blue Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Initial Slope Irradiance Maximum Cyanobacteria Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ik_Green Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Initial Slope Irradiance Maximum Brown Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Attribute Name: Ik_Brown Attribute Label: PAM fluorometry Attribute Definition: Initial Slope Irradiance Maximum Green Storage Type: data Measurement Scale: Units: dimensionless Precision: 0.1 Number Type: real Missing Value Code: -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded ) Methods Sampling Description Sterile, brown 1 L bottles rinsed 3 times with sample water collected 10 cm below the water surface. Method Step Description Microbial Analyses, Water samples were collected, processed, and analyzed to determine bacterial abundance, algal energetics and chl a by phytoplankton guild, enzyme activity, and heterotrophic bacterial production. Samples for microbial analyses were collected in washed, acid-rinsed, ADDIH2O rinsed, then sample rinsed brown, 250 ml, Nalgene bottles. Depth of sampling was 10 cm below the water surface. A sample for PAM analysis was set aside for a 10 hr dark acclimation period. Bacterial abundance was determined through epifluorenscence microscopy using DAPI DNA stain after preservation with 2 percent bacterial free phosphate buffered formalin and dark storage. Slides were made within 14 days of collection and counted immediately after they were prepared. Algal dynamics were determined through PAM (pulse-amplitude modulation) fluorescence within 24 hours of collection. (NOTE (2/22/2021): PhytoPAM measurements were not calibrated, per Henry Briceno). Algal energetics samples were analyzed using PAM fluormetry for chl a content and productivity irradiance curves. Heterotrophic bacterial production was determined using tritiated thymidine uptake within 24 hours of collection. We incubated each of the duplicate samplings per site with 3 replicates and one blank of 10 ml for each sample. The blank was killed with BFF to a final concentration of 4 percent. Stock tritiated thymidine was made with 2.58 mCi radioisotope with 30 ml of filter sterilized (0.2 um) water from Shark River. Each replicate and blank received 0.86 uCi ml-1 and was incubated at 22 degrees C for one hour. We also determined the specific activity for each incubation. We stopped the incubation period with TCA to final concentration of 5 percent then put the samples on ice for 15 to 45 minutes before filtering the sample onto nitrocellulose filters. A series of 3 rinses with 5 percent TCA and 80 percent ETOH of 1 ml each and filters were placed in scintillation vials. We added liquid scintillation cocktail and counted the samples after 24 hours with a Beckman liquid scintillation counter (Model 3801). Citation Bell, Russel T 1993. Estimating Production of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton via Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine. p. 495-503 in Kemp, Paul F , Barry F Sherr, Evelyn B Sherr, Jonathan J Cole. , (eds). In Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida , Instrumentation Zeiss microscope autoclave laboratory balance PAM desktop model fluorometer Gilford V Spectrofluorometer Beckman liquid scintillation counter (Model 3801) Hydrolab Probe Meter 4A Mini Sonde datasonde and YSI. Method Step Description Citation Lebaron, P , P Catala, N Parthuisot. 1998. Effectiveness of SYTOX green stain for bacterial viability assessment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64: 2697-2700. Quality Control SERC QAQC for nutrient data, blank controls and isotope blanks for tritiated thymidine uptake incubations per sample, negative controls for bacteria counts using DAPI epifluorescence techniques, PAM chl a versus acetone extraction chl a calibration, BOD incubations for algal prodcution versus PAM energetics parameters. Each datum was checked individually with raw chart data or computer files generated during analysis. Data entries and calculations were verified independently by three investigators. Distribution Online distribution: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-fce/1056/11/e0069c0220b968565fa5f1a83cf51df0 Intellectual Rights This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you. Dataset Keywords nutrients estuaries primary production FCE Florida Coastal Everglades LTER ecological research long-term monitoring microbial dynamics Shark River Slough Everglades National Park bacteria abundance heterotrophic bacteria production algal abundance algal energetics PAM bacteria production rates Taylor Slough bacteria productivity transects water freshwater river Data Submission Date: 2021-02-09 Maintenance This is a long-term nutrient dataset and subsequent data will be appended. This dataset replaces all previous versions of LT_ND_Dailey_001 and (v1-v9). The FCE program is discontinuing its practice of versioning data as of March 2013. Dataset Contact Name: Henry Briceno Position: Collaborator Organization: Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) Address: 11200 SW 8th Street Florida International University University Park OE 148 Miami, FL 33199 USA Phone: 305-348-1269 Fax: 305-348-4096 Email: bricenoh@fiu.edu URL: http://sercweb.fiu.edu/ Position: Information Manager Organization: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program Address: Florida International University University Park OE 148 Miami, FL 33199 USA Phone: 305-348-6054 Fax: 305-348-4096 Email: fcelter@fiu.edu URL: http://fcelter.fiu.edu Dataset Submission Date 2021-02-09 Data Submission Notes Outliers not removed from data Information Management Notes Information Manager (April 15, 2013) This is a long-term nutrient dataset and subsequent data will be appended. This dataset replaces all previous versions of LT_ND_Dailey_001 (original) and (v1-v9). The FCE program is discontinuing its practice of versioning data as of March 2013.