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Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in an oligotrophic subtropical wetland/estuary ecosystem, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida from December 2001 to January 2002


At a Glance


Authors: Rudolf Jaffe
Time period: 2001-12-06 to 2002-01-28
Package id: knb-lter-fce.1103.4
Dataset id: ST_ND_Jaffe_002

How to cite:
Jaffe, R.. 2024. Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in an oligotrophic subtropical wetland/estuary ecosystem, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida from December 2001 to January 2002. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/fa704066a4e46675033f1ed13cc40268. Dataset accessed 2024-10-09.

Geographic Coverage


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Detailed Metadata


  • Dataset Abstract
    The objective of this study was to investigate in detail the molecular characteristics of DOM in a sub-tropical, oligotrophic aquatic environment, namely the Florida coastal Everglades, along a freshwater wetland, mangrove fringe to estuarine transect. For this purpose, surface waters from five sites along Taylor Slough ranging from freshwater marsh to mangrove ecotone environments, as well as three sites within the Florida Bay estuary were collected for analyses. Fluorescence properties of DOM were measured for a quick assessment of DOM quality. Ultrafiltered DOM samples (UDOM; less than 0.7 um, greater than 1000 Da) were concentrated and freeze dried for the determination of bulk C composition, lignin-phenol concentration, and neutral sugar composition. These molecular characteristics were investigated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy, TMAH thermochemolysis, and hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), respectively. Furthermore, UDOM samples were classified by cluster analysis based on their pyrolysis products obtained via flash pyrolysis-GC/MS.
  • Geographic Coverage
    Study Extent Description
    The Study Extent of this dataset includes water samples collected from the Everglades National Park, South Florida.

    Bounding Coordinates
    TS/Ph1a
    N: 25.42388762, S: 25.42388762, E: -80.59029790000001, W: -80.59029790000001

    TS/Ph2
    N: 25.40357188, S: 25.40357188, E: -80.60690341, W: -80.60690341

    TS/Ph3
    N: 25.25240534, S: 25.25240534, E: -80.66271768, W: -80.66271768

    TS/Ph6a
    N: 25.21418102, S: 25.21418102, E: -80.6490792, W: -80.6490792

    TS/Ph7a
    N: 25.19080491, S: 25.19080491, E: -80.63910514, W: -80.63910514

    TS/Ph9
    N: 25.17692874, S: 25.17692874, E: -80.48978207, W: -80.48978207

    TS/Ph10
    N: 25.02476744, S: 25.02476744, E: -80.68097374, W: -80.68097374

    TS/Ph11
    N: 24.91293492, S: 24.91293492, E: -80.93798347, W: -80.93798347

    FCE LTER Sites
    TS/Ph1a, TS/Ph2, TS/Ph3, TS/Ph6a, TS/Ph7a, TS/Ph9, TS/Ph10, TS/Ph11

  • Attributes
    • Data Table:   Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in an oligotrophic subtropical wetland/estuarine ecosystem, Everglades National Park, South Florida
      Attribute Name:
      SITENAME
      Attribute Label:
      SITENAME
      Attribute Definition:
      Name of plant biomass
      Storage Type:
      text
      Measurement Scale:
      text
      Missing Value Code:
       

      Attribute Name:
      Date
      Attribute Label:
      Date
      Attribute Definition:
      Collection date
      Storage Type:
      datetime
      Measurement Scale:
      Missing Value Code:
       

      Attribute Name:
      DOC
      Attribute Label:
      Dissolved organic carbon
      Attribute Definition:
      Total dissolved organic carbon concentration
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: microMolesPerLiter
      Precision: 1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      FI
      Attribute Label:
      Fluorescence Index
      Attribute Definition:
      Ratio of emission intensities at 450 and 500 nm at a fixed excitation wavelength of 370 nm.
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: dimensionless
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Max_WL
      Attribute Label:
      Maximum Wavelength
      Attribute Definition:
      Emission wavelength that gives maximum emission intensity at a fixed excitation of 313 nm
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: nanometer
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Max_I
      Attribute Label:
      Maximum Intensity
      Attribute Definition:
      Emission intensity of maximum emission wavelength at a fixed excitation of 313 nm.
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: QSUPerMilligramPerLiter
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      %285
      Attribute Label:
      %285
      Attribute Definition:
      Obtained from synchronous fluorescence spectrum at a constant offset of 30 nm (excitation wavelengths = 285, 350, 385, 460 nm). Percentage of the first peak intensity (285 nm).
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      C/N
      Attribute Label:
      Carbon to Nitrogen ratio
      Attribute Definition:
      Carbon to Nitrogen ratio
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: dimensionless
      Precision: 0.001
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Salinity
      Attribute Label:
      Salinity
      Attribute Definition:
      Salinity
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: dimensionless
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      %Alkyl_C
      Attribute Label:
      % alkyl carbon
      Attribute Definition:
      Relative percentage of alkyl carbon defined by 13C NMR
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      %O_alkyl C
      Attribute Label:
      % O-alkyl carbon
      Attribute Definition:
      Relative percentage of O-alkyl carbon as defined by 13C NMR
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      %Aromatic_C
      Attribute Label:
      % aromatic carbon
      Attribute Definition:
      Relative percentage of aromatic carbon as defined by 13C NMR
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: .01
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      %carbonyl_C
      Attribute Label:
      % carbonyl carbon
      Attribute Definition:
      Relative percentage of carbonyl carbon as defined by 13C NMR
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      AlkylC/O_alkylC
      Attribute Label:
      O-alkyl to alkyl carbon ratio
      Attribute Definition:
      Amount of alkyl carbon divided by the amount of O-alkyl carbon
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: dimensionless
      Precision: 0.01
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.00 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Aromaticity
      Attribute Label:
      Aromaticity
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of aromatic carbon
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Arabinose
      Attribute Label:
      Arabinose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Arabinose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Ribose
      Attribute Label:
      Ribose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Ribose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Xylose
      Attribute Label:
      Xylose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Xylose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Rhamnose
      Attribute Label:
      Rhamnose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Rhamnose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.1
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Fucose
      Attribute Label:
      Fucose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Fucose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.10
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Mannose
      Attribute Label:
      Mannose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Mannose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.10
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Galactose
      Attribute Label:
      Galactose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Galactose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.10
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Glucose
      Attribute Label:
      Glucose
      Attribute Definition:
      Percentage of Glucose
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: percent
      Precision: 0.10
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Neutral _Sugars
      Attribute Label:
      Neutral sugars
      Attribute Definition:
      Neutral sugar concentration
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPerGram
      Precision: 0.10
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.0 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxy-
      Attribute Label:
      Benzaldehyde,3,4-dimethoxy-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-
      Attribute Label:
      Benzene,1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Ethanone, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-
      Attribute Label:
      Ethanone,1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzoic acid, 3,4-dimethoxy-, methyl ester
      Attribute Label:
      Benzoic Acid,3,4-dimethoxy-methyl ester-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,4-dimethoxy-, methyl ester
      Attribute Label:
      Benzenepropanoic acid,3,4-dimethoxy-methyl ester-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Ethanone, 1-(3,4,5)-trimethoxyphenyl-
      Attribute Label:
      Ethanone,1-(3,4,5)-trimethoxyphenyl-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-, methyl ester
      Attribute Label:
      Benzoic Acid,3,4,5-trimethoxy-methyl ester-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-
      Attribute Label:
      Benzaldehyde,3,4,5-trimethoxy-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Phenol 2-methoxy-
      Attribute Label:
      Phenol,2-methoxy-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-
      Attribute Label:
      Benzene,1,2-dimethoxy-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      3,4-Dimethoxytoluene
      Attribute Label:
      3,4-dimethoxytoluene
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene
      Attribute Label:
      1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)

      Attribute Name:
      Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-methyl-
      Attribute Label:
      Benzene,1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-methyl-
      Attribute Definition:
      Compound concentration as determined by thermochemolysis with TMAH
      Storage Type:
      data
      Measurement Scale:
      Units: milligramsPermilligram
      Precision: 0.00
      Number Type: real
      Missing Value Code:
      -9999.000 (Value will never be recorded)


  • Methods
    Sampling Description
    Surface water samples were collected in 25-L white low-density polyethylene Carboy bottles during the early part of the dry season (from 05 Dec 2001 to 28 Jan 2002). The bottles were cleaned by soaking in 0.5 mol L-1 HCl followed by 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH for 24 h each. Water samples were filtered through pre-combusted (470 degrees C for 4 hours) 0.7 um GF/F glass fiber filters, followed by concentration using a Pellicon 2 Mini tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFF) system equipped with a nominal 1000 Da molecular weight cut-off regenerated cellulose membrane (Dai et al. 1998). The water samples were concentrated to 100 ml at an inlet pressure of 10 psi, and an outlet pressure of 8 psi. For water samples collected from Florida Bay (sites 9-11), diafiltration was conducted as follows: One liter of Milli-Q water (Millipore) was added to the concentrated sample and then re-concentrated to 100 ml. This process was repeated a total of three times. The concentrated samples were freeze-dried and powdered with an agate mill. Water samples for fluorescence analysis were collected separately in 30 ml brown polyethylene bottles, stored on ice, and transported to the laboratory. The water samples were filtered through pre-combusted (470 degrees C for 4 hours) Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters prior to analysis.Surface water samples were collected in 25-L white low-density polyethylene Carboy bottles during the early part of the dry season (from 05 Dec 2001 to 28 Jan 2002). The bottles were cleaned by soaking in 0.5 mol L-1 HCl followed by 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH for 24 h each. Water samples were filtered through pre-combusted (470 degrees C for 4 hours) 0.7 um GF/F glass fiber filters, followed by concentration using a Pellicon 2 Mini tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFF) system equipped with a nominal 1000 Da molecular weight cut-off regenerated cellulose membrane (Dai et al. 1998). The water samples were concentrated to 100 ml at an inlet pressure of 10 psi, and an outlet pressure of 8 psi. For water samples collected from Florida Bay (sites 9-11), diafiltration was conducted as follows: One liter of Milli-Q water (Millipore) was added to the concentrated sample and then re-concentrated to 100 ml. This process was repeated a total of three times. The concentrated samples were freeze-dried and powdered with an agate mill. Water samples for fluorescence analysis were collected separately in 30 ml brown polyethylene bottles, stored on ice, and transported to the laboratory. The water samples were filtered through pre-combusted (470 degrees C for 4 hours) Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters prior to analysis.

    Method Step

    Description
    DOC concentrations were analyzed using a high temperature catalytic combustion method on a Shimadzu TOC-5000 total organic carbon analyzer. Samples (4 ml) were acidified with 10ul of conc. HCl and sparged for 5 min with nitrogen (150 ml min-1) to remove inorganic carbon. The mean of three to six injections was reported for each sample. Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a Perkin Elmer LS 50B spectrometer equipped with a 150-W Xenon arc lamp as the light source. The emission monochromator was scanned from 250 to 550 nm with excitation at 313 and 370 nm (Donard et al. 1989; De Souza Sierra et al. 1994). Further, synchronous excitation-emission fluorescence spectra at a constant offset value between emission and excitation wavelength of 30 nm were measured from 250 to 550 nm (Lu et al. 2003; Jaffe et al. 2004). Both excitation and emission slits were set at 10 nm. Absorbance of the DOM solution was scanned from 250 to 550 nm for the correction of inner-filter effects on a Shimadzu UV-2101PC UV-visible spectrophotometer. The inner-filter effects were corrected for all the spectra following the procedure described by McKnight et al. (2001). Spectra were not corrected for instrumental response. Milli-Q water was used as a blank to background substract water Raman scatter peaks. The fluorescence intensities were expressed in quinine sulfate units (QSU); 1 QSU = 1 ug L-1 of quinine sulfate monohydrate in a 0.05 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution at excitation/emission (Ex/Em) =350/450 nm (Wu and Tanoue 2001). Four indices were used in this study: (1) maximum intensity (Max I); maximum fluorescence emission intensity with an excitation of 313 nm (Donard et al. 1989); (2) maximum wavelength (Max WL); the wavelength that gives the Intmax (Donard et al. 1989); (3) fluorescence index (FI); the ratio of emission intensities at 450 and 500 nm with an excitation of 370 nm (f450/f500) (Battin 1998; McKnight et al. 2001); (4) %285, calculated from a synchronous spectrum. %285 = Ex285 / (Ex285 + Ex350 + Ex385 + Ex460) x 100, where Ex285, Ex350, Ex385, Ex460 are the emission intensities at the respective excitation wavelengths (nm) noted in subscript (Lu et al. 2003). Total organic C content was measured on a Carlo Erba NA 1500 Nitrogen/Carbon Analyzer at 1050 degrees C, hippuric acid as a standard. To remove carbonate, two to five mg of powered sample was weighed into a silver capsule and exposed to hydrochloric acid vapor for 4 h, followed by drying under vacuum to eliminate any remaining hydrochloric acid (Hedges and Stern 1984). Then, the capsules were closed for analysis. Solid state 13C NMR spectra were obtained at a 13C resonance frequency of 50.3 MHz on a Bruker ASX200 NMR spectrometer equipped with a commercial 7 mm cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) probe using a standard CPMAS pulse sequence. 13C chemical shifts are expressed with respect to tetramethylsilane by using the carbonyl carbon of glycine (176.48 ppm) as an external reference. Other analytical conditions were as follows: rotation frequency, 4.5 kHz; contact time, 1 ms; recycle delay, 2 s; scans accumulated, 3000-20000; spectral width, 25 kHz; filter frequency, 32 kHz; Lorentzian line-broadening, 120 Hz. NMR spectra were divided into four regions according to chemical shifts as follows: 0-45 ppm (alkyl C), 45-110 ppm (O-alkyl C), 110-160 ppm (aromatic C), 160-210 ppm (carbonyl C) (Kogel-Knabner 1997). The first order spinning sidebands (SSBs) of aromatic and carbonyl signals (220 and 260 ppm, respectively) were corrected if necessary, according to Knicker and Skjemstad (2000). Sugar composition analysis was performed according to Amelung et al. (1996). Briefly, ca. 10 mg of powdered UDOM sample was mixed with an internal standard (50 ug myo-inositol) and 10 ml of 4 mol L-1 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and hydrolyzed at 105 degrees C for 4 h. Following filtration with a pre-combusted GF/F glass fiber filter, the solution was rotary-evaporated to remove TFA. The sample was then reconstituted with 2 ml water and passed through Amberlite XAD-4, and Dowex 50 W X 8 columns, successively. The sample was freeze-dried, and derivatized with 400 ul bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) at 75 degrees C for 5 min. Analysis was performed using a Hewlett Packard 6890 GC-MS series gas chromatograph coupled to a 5973 quadrupole mass selective detector. One ul of the solution was injected into a JandW DB1MS capillary column. Quantification was based on the comparison of the area on total ion chromatogram with known concentration of standard materials (arabinose, ribose, xylose, rhamnose, fucose, mannose, galactose, and glucose) that were processed in the same way as the samples. Initial oven temperature was set at 160 degrees C, held for 0.5 min, ramped at 8 degrees C min-1 to 185 degrees C, followed by 3 degrees C min-1 to 191 degrees C, by 0.5 degrees C min-1 to 195 degrees C, and thereafter by 10 degrees C min-1 to 250 degrees C and held for 5 min. Mass spectra were recorded under electron impact ionisation conditions (70 eV) at 1 scan s-1 in the m/z = 50-500 mass range. Detection limit was around 100 ppm in UDOM. The TMAH thermochemolysis was performed according to Hatcher et al (1995). Briefly, 4 to 10 mg C powdered UDOM sample was placed in a 5-ml glass ampoule and 200 ul of solution consisting of 25% TMAH in methanol and 200 ul of an internal standard, n-eicosane (50 ug ml-1 in methanol) were added. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the ampoule was flame sealed and placed in a gas chromatographic oven at 250 degrees C for 30 min. After cooling, the ampoule was cracked open, and the inner glass surface was washed with 1 ml of methylene chloride three times, and concentrated to approximately 200 ul under a gentle stream of nitrogen. Analysis of this extract was performed on a Hewlett Packard 6890 GC-MS series gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a 5973 mass selective detector. One ul of the solution was injected into a DB5MS (5% phenyl, 95% methyl silicone; 30 m length,0.25 mm i.d.,0.25 um film thickness) capillary column. Helium served as the carrier gas. The column temperature was programmed as follows: initial temperature at 40 degrees C, ramped at 10 degrees C min-1 to 120 degrees C, followed by 3 degrees C min-1 to 200 degrees C, and thereafter by 4 degrees C min-1 to 300 degrees C (Mannino and Harvey 2000). Mass spectra were recorded under electron impact ionisation conditions (70 eV) at 1 scan s-1 in the m/z = 50-500 mass range. The detection limit was 1 ng for the eicosane standard. The assignment of peaks was based on the comparison of mass spectra with the spectral library (NIST 98, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and/or mass spectral interpretation. A response factor for phenolic compounds to eicosane was calculated by averaging the relative response of methylation products of vanillin, vanillic acid, and acetovanilone to that of the internal standard. The concentration of phenolic compounds was estimated by comparing the area with that of the eicosane standard. Py-GC/MS analyses were on UDOM samples. Briefly, UDOM samples (ca. 5 mg) were pyrolyzed at 650 degrees C for 20 s in a helium atmosphere using a pyroprobe 1500 pyrolyzer. Separation of pyrolysis products was carried out on a DB5MS fused-silica column (30 m length, 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 mm film thickness) at a split ratio of 1:75 under helium atmosphere. The oven was connected to the split/splitless injection port of a Hewlett Packard 6890 GC coupled to a HP 5973 mass spectrometer. The oven temperature program was as follows: initial temperature was held at 40 degrees C for 2 min, ramped at 7 degrees C min-1 to 300 degrees C where it was held for 15 min. The assignment of peaks was based on the comparison of mass spectra with the spectral library (NIST 98, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and/or mass spectral interpretation. Other analytical conditions were identical with those of TMAH thermochemolysis described above. Based on the relative abundance of individually identified pyrolysis products (approximately 100 compounds; peak area of individual compound to total peak area of identified compounds in pyrogram) a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed using an agglomerative method with SPSS version 11.0.1 software for the interpretation of the multivariate pyrolysis data set.

    References:
    Amelung, W 1996. Determination of neutral and acid sugars in soil by capillary gas-liquid chromatography after trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis. Soil Biol. Biochem., 28: 1631-1639.

    Battin, T J 1998. Dissolved organic materials and its optical properties in a blackwater tributary of the upper Orinoco River, Venezuela. Organic Geochemistry, 28: 561-569.

    Dai, M 1998. Evaluation of two cross-flow ultrafiltration membranes for isolating marine organic colloids. Marine Chemistry, 62: 117-136.

    De Souza Sierra, M M 1994. Fluorescence spectroscopy of coastal and marine waters. Marine Chemistry, 47: 127-144.

    Donard, O F X 1989. High-sensitivity fluorescence spectroscopy of Mediterranean waters using a conventional or a pulsed laser excitation source. Marine Chemistry, 27: 117-136.

    Hatcher, P G 1995. Comparison of two thermochemolytic methods for the analysis of lignin in decomposing gymnosperm wood: the CuO oxidation method and the method of thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). Organic Geochemistry, 23: 881-888.

    Hedges, J I 1984. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate-containing solids. Limnology and Oceanography, 29: 657-663.

    Jaffe, R 2004. Source characterization of dissolved organic matter in estuaries of the Florida Everglades by fluorescence analysis . Marine Chemistry, 84: 195-210.

    Knicker, H 2000. Nature of organic carbon and nitrogen in physically protected organic matter of some Australian soils as revealed by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy. Australian J. Soil Res., 38: 113-127.

    Kogel-Knaber, I 1997. 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy as a tool in soil organic matter studies. Geoderma, 80: 243-270.

    Lu, X Q 2003. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter in freshwater wetlands of the Florida Everglades. Water Research, 37: 2599-2606.

    Mannino, A 2000. Terrigenous dissolved organic matter along an estuarine gradient and its flux to the coastal ocean. Organic Geochemistry, 31: 1611-1625.

    McKnight, D M 2001. Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity. Limnology and Oceanography, 46: 38-48.

    Wu, F 2001. Molecular mass distribution and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic ligands for copper (II) in Lake Biwa, Japan. Organic Geochemistry, 32: 11-20.

    Instrumentation
    Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters (Whatman International Ltd. Maidstone, England), Nalgene polyethylene bottles (25-L and 30-mL) (Nalge Nunc International, Rochester, NY), Pellicon 2 Mini tangential ultrafiltration system, Shimadzu TOC-5000 total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), Perkin Elmer LS 50B Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Wellesly, MA, USA), Shimadzu UV-2101PC UV-visible Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), Carlo Erba NA 1500 Nitrogen/Carbon Analyzer (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy), Bruker ASX200 NMR Spectrometer (Bruker, Rheinstetten, Germany), Hewlett Packard 6890 GC-MS series gas chromatograph coupled to a 5973 quadrupole mass selective detector (Hewlett-Packard, Avondale, PA, USA), Pyroprobe 1500 pyrolizer (Chemical Data Systems, Oxford, PA, USA), Hewlett-Packard 6890 GC coupled to a HP5973 mass spectrometer.

    Quality Control
    Standards, data was graphed
  • Distribution and Intellectual Rights
    Online distribution
    https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-fce/1103/4/14a7f83be82aa1eca56961d3e1bbd745
    Data Submission Date:  2005-09-08

    Intellectual Rights
    This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

  • Keywords
    organic matter, FCE, Florida Coastal Everglades LTER, ecological research, long-term monitoring, Everglades National Park, DOM Characteristics, Taylor Slough, Shark River Slough, Florida Bay, Ultrafiltered DOM, lignin-phenol concentration, neutral sugar composition, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, TMAH thermochemolysis, flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, dissolved organic carbon, emissions, aromaticity, acidic, carbon, nitrogen, freshwater, fluorescence, organisms
  • Dataset Contact
    • Name: Rudolf Jaffe 
    • Position: Project Collaborator
    • Organization: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program
    • Address: Florida International University
      University Park
      OE 148
      Miami, Florida 33199 USA
    • Phone: 305-348-2456
    • Fax: 305-348-4096
    • Email: jaffer@fiu.edu
    • URL: http://serc.fiu.edu/sercindex/index.htm

    • Position: Information Manager
    • Organization: Florida Coastal Everglades LTER
    • Address: Florida International University
      11200 SW 8th Street, OE 148
      Miami, FL 33199 USA
    • Email: fcelter@fiu.edu
    • URL: https://fcelter.fiu.edu

  • Data Table and Format
    Data Table:  Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in an oligotrophic subtropical wetland/estuarine ecosystem, Everglades National Park, South Florida

    Entity Name:
    ST_ND_Jaffe_002
    Entity Description:
    Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in an oligotrophic subtropical wetland/estuarine ecosystem, Everglades National Park, South Florida
    Object Name:
    ST_ND_Jaffe_002.csv
    Number of Header Lines:
    1
    Attribute Orientation:
    column
    Field Delimiter:
    ,
    Number of Records:
    8